Society

The plastic water bottles and shopping bags you use and dispose of within a short period are turning up in fishing nets and destroying the livelihoods of fishers who rely on the ocean as a source of jobs and food. It can take up to 450 yearshttps://web.archive.org/web/20181224092346/https://www.des.nh.gov/organization/divisions/water/wmb/coastal/trash/documents/marine_debris.pdf for the plastic bottles you use for just a short period and casually throw way to breakdown in the environment. The average working lifespan of a plastic bag, for instance, is just 15 minutes.https://www.elsevier.com/books/plastic-waste-and-recycling/letcher/978-0-12-817880-5 Is it worth it for such a short-lived product to linger in the environment for decades? Marine Pollution Threatens Livelihoods Fishing in Ghana: 10 anchored artisanal fishing canoes in Ghana. Copyright © 2020 Muntaka Chasant Marine pollution is causing some poor fishers to move inland, to fish in known contaminated water bodies such as the Korle Lagoon — near the center of Accra, Ghana's capital city. I ran into Nii Aryee, a 54-year-old urban poor man, throwing his net into the Korle Lagoon — a few yards from where wastewater from the Korle Bu teaching hospital, Ghana's premier healthcare facility, empties into the lagoon. Not too far from the area locally nicknamed 'Lavender Hill' due to foul smell from the lagoon and untreated fecal waste directly emptied into the ocean. The unpleasant smell around 'Lavender Hill' doesn't seem to have subsided even though the city has constructed a plant to tackle the discharge of fecal waste into the ocean. What Nii called 'mad' fish looked like catfish, an important animal protein source in Ghana. Probably mudfish as he couldn't tell if he meant a 'mentally-ill' fish or not. Although I was willing to accept that a fish species found in the Korle Lagoon is nicknamed 'mad' fish. When I asked why he was fishing in the contaminated water, this is what he said (see the video below): https://youtu.be/ar_q_Yf8iOw To cut it short: he fishes in the Korle Lagoon because half of what he catches when he goes out to sea is plastic debris. He’s now moving inland to find a catch. He needs this so badly to feed his 7 children. "I have been fishing around here for more than 40 years. It's a disaster what this place has become. Here used to be a big fishing village, where a lot of people gather to trade. But now, when it rains, all the rubbish from Accra reaches the beach," the angry native fisherman man lamented. Plastic pollution: Urban poor fisherman is angry that plastic waste from Accra is destroying their livelihoods. Nii Aryee, 54 years old, is fishing for catfish/mudfish ('mad' fish) in the heavily Korle Lagoon near the Gulf of Guinea. Accra, Ghana. Copyright © 2020 Muntaka Chasant Nii is tired of the plastic waste coming from the hinterlands. He then 'instructed' me to convey a simple message to my urban compatriots: "we are tired of it, please stop sending your rubbish to the sea!" Nii is tired of the plastic waste coming from Accra. He has 'instructed' me to convey a message to my urban compatriots: "we are tired of it, please stop sending your rubbish to the sea!" He told me stories of how the Korle Lagoon vicinity looked like more than 40 years ago, how he depended on it, and how it turned out the way it is today. Once a source of abundant fish, intensive land use and pollution have destroyed the Korle Lagoon. "Enyɛ fine! enyɛ fine!!" he stressed. Translated from Twi: "It's not ok! It's not ok!!" Nii was fishing around here: (Location is marked in red) Korle Lagoon: Aerial view of u-shaped Korle Lagoon and the Agbogbloshie drain with Sodom and Gomorrah and other Old Fadama areas in the middle. Accra, Ghana. Copyright © 2020 Muntaka Chasant Why is Fishing In The Korle Lagoon A Concern? https://youtu.be/UQ_PgxxajC8 A studyhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/40061823?seq1 in 2007 identified the Korle Lagoon as one of the most polluted water bodies on earth. Fed by the Odaw River, the Korle Lagoon collects wastewater and all kinds of debris, including solid waste from Accra’s polluted waterways. Fishing in the Korle Lagoon: An urban poor man is putting Korle Lagoon-caught catfish in a bag. Accra, Ghana. Copyright © 2020 Muntaka Chasant Accra's major drainage systems empty their waste into the ocean through the Korle Lagoon. The area the urban poor man was fishing is approximately 1.5 km away from the Gulf of Guinea, the northeasternmost part of the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Korle Lagoon Estuary: Aerial view of how the heavily polluted Korle Lagoon empties into the Gulf of Guinea. Copyright © 2020 Muntaka Chasant Factories, households, and the nearby Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (including mortuary wastewaterhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/226671931_Urban_Waste_Pollution_in_the_Korle_Lagoon_Accra_Ghana) all discharge their effluent into the lagoon. Households and settlements along the lagoon also openly defecate near and into the lagoon. Korle Lagoon and Korle Bu Teaching Hospital: Photograph of where wastewater from Korle Bu, Ghana's premier healthcare facility, empties into the Korle lagoon. Copyright © 2020 Muntaka Chasant "We frequently see human remains floating around here," a resident pointing to an area near where Nii was fishing told me. Threats to aquatic organisms due to the proximityhttps://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-03777-6_2 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311843.2017.1405887 of Agbogbloshie e-waste disposal sites to the Korle Lagoon is another major concern. RELATED: Agbogbloshie: Questions & Answers This is how plastics from all over Accra flow into the Korle Lagoon during a rainfall event: Plastic pollution in Accra, Ghana: Plastic waste floats on the surface of the Korle Lagoon in Accra during a rainfall. The majority of the plastics end up in the ocean. Around 80% of the plastics in the ocean come from land-based sources, according to a 2016 study. Copyright © 2020 Muntaka Chasant Discarded e-waste parts and plastic cases by the lagoon: Agbogbloshie in May 2020. © 2020 Muntaka Chasant Urban poor men burn waste cables to recover copper in the rain along the lagoon. This releases heavy metals into the Korle: Fire and rain image: Young poor men burn cables in the rain to reclaim the copper materials inside at Agbogbloshie, Ghana. © 2019 Muntaka Chasant A man about to dump e-waste near the lagoon: Electronic waste at Agbogbloshie, Ghana: Man is about to dump e-waste near the Korle Lagoon at Agbogbloshie, Ghana. Urban mining — reclaiming valuable materials in the waste stream — is a major source of livelihood for the urban poor at Agbogbloshie. The primitive techniques of recycling e-waste at Agbogbloshie pollutes the soil, air, and the Korle Lagoon. © 2020 Muntaka Chasant The man was fishing in less than a kilometer away from the area I shot the scene in this shocking video below: https://youtu.be/2W6EfjWgDNg Whenever the ‘mad’ fish are too far out in the Korle itself, he will turn around and throw his net into a marshy area (a few feet away) that had received water from the lagoon. Fishing in Ghana: Poor fisherman is having to fish in a heavily polluted environment due to plastics turning up in his net when he goes out to sea. Copyright © 2020 Muntaka Chasant “When it rains, the water overflows over the edges and deposit some of the ‘mad’ fish into this side,” the Korle Lagoon-fishing urban poor man told me. Fishing in Ghana: Urban poor fisherman is fishing in a heavily polluted environment near the center of Accra, Ghana. Copyright © 2020 Muntaka Chasant Curious, I kept him company to see what comes out. There, caught one and some plastic debris: Plastic pollution in Ghana: Poor fisherman fishes in a polluted environment due to catching plastic debris when he goes out to the sea. Copyright © 2020 Muntaka ChasantFisheries and Aquaculture in Ghana: Poor fisherman has just caught a catfish in a heavily polluted environment. Korle Lagoon, Accra, Ghana. He does this due to Ghana's plastic waste crisis. Copyright © 2020 Muntaka Chasant He told me he sells the fish between GH¢5 (around $0.85 in mid-2020) and GH¢20 ($3.5). "Oh, they buy all before I even cross the street," Nii assured me. Nii lives at the nearby Korle Gonno. I have confirmed from several Sodom and Gomorrah residents, and indeed fishing in the Korle Lagoon around that area is commonplace. Some fishermen even go close to the Agbogbloshie waste cables burning area (photo above). They were surprised I found it odd. A resident even confronted me, called me 'kurasini' meaning, a 'villager,' and threatened to assault me if I don't mind my own business. Nii defended me and threatened to kick the young man's ass if he tries. "The fishermen come around here to fish usually after a rainfall event. I won't eat fish from the Korle. We see dead human bodies floating on it all the time. The fish probably feed on them," a Sodom and Gomorrah residents commented. Update: Late October 2020 I stumbled upon another 'fishing in the Korle Lagoon' episode in late October 2020. Man had been trying for about 5 hours without a catch: Fishing in Ghana: Man fishes in the polluted Korle Lagoon. Copyright © 2020 Muntaka Chasant Frustrated, he packed up and headed south: Pollution, fisheries, and urban poverty in Ghana. Copyright © 2020 Muntaka Chasant He saw a ripple and what appeared to be a fish in the Korle Lagoon: Urban poor Ghanaian fisherman fishes in the polluted Korle Lagoon in Accra, Ghana. Copyright © 2020 Muntaka Chasant He was ready to cast his net should the ripples reappear again: Fishing in Ghana: Frustrated urban poor man gets ready to cast his fishing net over the heavily polluted Korle Lagoon. Copyright © 2020 Muntaka Chasant This left me extremely sad throughout the day. Plastic Pollution and Fisheries More people are engaged in fisheries and aquaculture in Africa than in the Americas, Europe and Oceania combined.https://www.fao.org/state-of-fisheries-aquaculture Around 39 million people worldwide are in the fisheries sector alone (excluding aquaculture). To be fair, fishermen are big polluters of the ocean themselves. More than half a million tonnes — every year — of lost and abandoned fishing nets, lines and traps make up the majority of the large plastic pollution in the ocean, according to Greenpeacehttps://www.greenpeace.org/usa/news/new-greenpeace-report-reveals-ghost-gear-contribution-to-plastic-pollution/. This phenomenon is known as “ghost gear,” and makes up around 10% of ocean plastic pollution. It may take fishing lines around 600 years to breakdown in the environment. Roughly around 450 for disposable diapers and 20 years for plastic bags.https://web.archive.org/web/20181224092346/https://www.des.nh.gov/organization/divisions/water/wmb/coastal/trash/documents/marine_debris.pdf Plastic Pollution: What is The Way Forward? Neglect and laissez-faire attitude won't solve the plastic crisis, especially in poorer countries. Recycling is promising — yes. But certainly not the answer as the reclaimed materials inevitably end up either in the landfill or in the ocean. Only 9% of the plastics produced between 1950 and 2015 have been recycled.https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/3/7/e1700782.full The majority were accumulated in landfills. So no, we can't recycle ourselves out of the plastic problem. Don't take this the wrong way. It is the only way many people who genuinely care can help as it sends a powerful message, but beach cleanups do very little to change the problem at the source. The majority of the plastics sink to the seafloor, and manufacturers continue to respond to consumer demands for plastics. It's simple: produce fewer plastics and encourage reuse. People in Ghana, for instance, perceive piped water as contaminated or unsafe, fueling the use of bottled and sachet water. Why not make piped water at least as safe as sachet water and encourage locals to switch? Read more plastic pollution facts in the link below: RELATED: Plastic Pollution in Ghana: Video and Photos Do you regularly consume fish caught in the Korle Lagoon? How are you helping to tackle the plastic waste crisis? I love to read your thoughts in the comment section below. Copyright © 2020 Muntaka Chasant

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