Climate Change in Ghana

A strip of sandbar — caused by tidal waves and huge storms that swept away homes and swallowed communities on Ghana's southeastern coast in 2021 — blocks access to the Atlantic Ocean. The flooding and storm surges also ripped through the landscape, burying a community near the disappeared Fuveme, a fishing village that now only exists in memories. The sandbar formed in a tidal channel in the Lower Volta — between Anyanui and Ada Foah, an important trading route for thousands of people. This now threatens the livelihoods of thousands of people who rely on the inlet and wetland fisheries as a source of jobs and food. The locals have linked the blockage to crab and fish die-offs in the wetlands. Desperate men use shovels and their bare hands to dig through a swamp. January 2022. Copyright © Muntaka Chasant Anguishing and with no help from the Ghana Government, roughly 200 desperate rural men from different communities came together on 13 January 2022 to dig with shovels and bare hands. The attempt was to create an inlet through a swamp to reconnect the blocked stream to the tidal channel. Desperate rural men use shovels and bare hands to dig in an attempt to create an inlet. Copyright © Muntaka Chasant Affected areas include Anyanui, Agbledomi, and Djita to Anloga. What happened? Aerial view of my location. Copyright © Muntaka Chasant Update: April 6, 2023 8:25 PM Note: I noticed a Google refresh of the coordinates below on April 4, 2023. They are now true to the scenes I documented. We now have a 'before' and an 'after'. The photo above is a bland bird’s eye view of me on land. However, this stretch of land — a strip of sandbar — could not be found on the map. Not on Google Earth. The GPS coordinates from the Exchangeable Image File (EXIF) data of the image above are 5° 46' 29.88" N, 0° 41' 53.208" E. Let’s work out the coordinates to see where Google Earth landed me before the refresh I noticed in April 2023. A Google Earth illustration of sandbar blockage between Anyanui and Ada Foah, Ghana. © Google Below is a screenshot of the refresh of the coordinates I noticed on April 4, 2023, that now resembles what I documented in January 2022. A Google Earth illustration of sandbar blockage between Anyanui and Ada Foah, Ghana. © Google According to Google Earth (before the refresh), I was in the middle of a meandering Lower Volta tidal channel (within the Volta delta). That's the channel that connects Anyanui and Ada Foah. However, Google Earth —before the update — was flat wrong. The channel is now completely blocked by a strip of sandbar. In contrast, I have pinned my location on 13 January 2022 in the aerial image below: Anyanui — Ada Foah blocked channel in January 2022. Copyright © Muntaka Chasant Below are some zoom outs of Google Earth rendering of the coordinates. Observation: The shoreline in the Google Earth screenshots appears crooked. #half A Google Earth illustration of sandbar blockage between Anyanui and Ada Foah, Ghana. © Google#half A Google Earth illustration of sandbar blockage between Anyanui and Ada Foah, Ghana. © Google Illustration of the sandbar blockage following the Google Earth image update (noticed update on April 4, 2023). Until around mid-2021, and worsened by the early November 2021 tidal waves and flooding, the Google Earth rendering of this channel was somehow accurate, the locals told me. With the channel blocked, communities and wetlands that rely on the ebb and flow of the Atlantic tides are under stress. Dead crabs and fish are now starting to float in the water. Communities from Anyanui to Anloga and beyond rely on the Lower Volta as a source of jobs and food security. Unable to flow into the Gulf of Guinea, fisheries around the region are collapsing. Crabs and fish die-offs kilometers away Mass crab die-offs, Agbledomi. Copyright © Muntaka Chasant To see the impact of the blockage, I visited a small section of Agbledomi, one of the affected communities (roughly 8 km away). Here, fishermen showed me dead crabs and fish that were floating on the surface of the water. Fishermen around Agbledomi later participated in the communal labour down the coast. Climate Change victims: Rural frontline communities shunned, left to fight their own battles Desperate rural men use shovels and their bare hands to dig in an attempt to create a channel. Copyright © Muntaka Chasant So far, no help has come from anywhere — not from the Ghana Government. A landscape shows a blocked tidal channel and men attempting to dig their way through a swamp. Copyright © Muntaka Chasant These desperate men want their lives back — so badly that the 68-year-old Keki Hagba below left his family to come and help. #half Keki Hagba, 68 and both a fisherman and a farmer, is affected. Copyright © Muntaka Chasant#half The old and the frail all came to dig with shovels and bare hands. Copyright © Muntaka Chasant "I don't remember us having to go through something like this in my lifetime," distressed Keki Hagba, 68, said. "At my age, I wouldn't be here if I had any choice. The blockage is literally choking us. No one will help us. Why, who have we wronged?" #half Hormeku, 50, is a fisherman and affected. Copyright © Muntaka Chasant#half Desperate men use shovels and their bare hands to dig through a swamp. Copyright © Muntaka Chasant It was agonizing and heart-wrenching, yet one of the most persevering scenes I have seen in the course of my coverage of communities on the frontlines of the climate crisis. I hope you remember these men when you think of the victims of climate change. Update: 13 November 2022 (10 months later) The Anyanui - Ada Foah sandbar blockage in November 2022. Copyright © Muntaka chasant The situation has not improved significantly in the last 10 months. Ghana Government has still not sent any help. The small and shallow inlet they created allows for a small canoe passage, but not without struggles against the flow of river water from upstream. Jacob, a 22-year-old boatman, pilots his motorized canoe through the inlet against the gushing Lower Volta. Copyright © Muntaka Chasant Coastal struggles and memories Crabbing sideways with the hurl of their 15 hp outboard growing louder, a fishing crew struggles to pilot their canoe against the strong flow of the Lower Volta. Copyright © Muntaka Chasant Above, an artisanal fishing crew returning from the Gulf of Guinea tried fruitlessly to make their way through the inlet against a strong flow of water from upstream. Some of them had to come out on the banks to pull it with rope. Shocked, I tracked down the fishing crew — with the help of an Assembly Member — to Dzaflagbe, a village nearby. Prosper, 52, was the lead fisherman. He and his family temporarily relocated to Dzaflagbe after surging tides swept away the rest of Fuveme 6 years ago. For prosper, the sandbar blockage evoked struggles and memories of the past — of Fuveme, his birthplace that's now buried under the Atlantic. “There’s pain…yet I still have fond memories of Fuveme…my home, where my children, dad, and I were born,” Prosper said to me while looking down at the floor. But Dzaflagbe itself was not spared. Homes were abandoned following tidal waves and storms that swept away portions of the village. Worse, a barrier island has recently extended to the middle of the mouth of the Volta River, the longest river in Ghana. Volta River estuary — what's going on? Update: April 6, 2023 8:25 PM Note: I noticed a Google refresh of the coordinates below on April 4, 2023. They are now true to the scenes I documented in November 2022. My location. Copyright © Muntaka Chasant That's me on the edge of the extended barrier island on 7 November 2022. However, this narrow stretch of land cannot be found on Google Maps. Bird's eye view of my location. Copyright © Muntaka Chasant Above is a bird's eye view of me on the edge of the barrier island. The embedded GPS coordinates from the EXIF information are 5° 46' 51.768" N, 0° 40' 6.984" E. Let's see where Google Earth lands me. The 'before' image of my location. © Google According to Google Earth , I was standing (red location icon) in the heart of the Volta River estuary. Again, Google Earth was wrong, as the photos above clearly show me standing on a sandy stretch of land. Below is the updated image of the above coordinates I noticed on April 4, 2023. This now clearly reflects what I documented. A Google Earth illustration of sandbar blockage between Anyanui and Ada Foah, Ghana. © Google This has implications for streamflow upstream. I spend significant resources and time traveling to these geographies to tell stories like this. The rest is now up to the Government. For advocacy, I spoke to the media on this (after the Nov. visit), and it ended up on the front page of the Ghanaian Times here (21 Nov. 2022). Keeping my fingers crossed that this now attracts some attention. Copyright © 2022 Muntaka Chasant

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